In 1973, Xerox PARC developed the Alto personal computer. Several people went from SRI to Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. It was so-called The Mother of All Demos.Įngelbart's work directly led to the advances at Xerox PARC. Given at the Association for Computing Machinery / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ACM/IEEE)-Computer Society's Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, which was presented on December 9, 1968. So, the design was based on the childlike primitives of eye-hand coordination, rather than use of command languages, user-defined macro procedures, or automated transformation of data as later used by adult professionals. Much of the early research was based on how young children learn. Engelbart had been inspired, in part, by the memex desk-based information machine suggested by Vannevar Bush in 1945.

This computer incorporated a mouse-driven cursor and multiple windows used to work on hypertext. In the 1960s, Douglas Engelbart's Augmentation of Human Intellect project at the Augmentation Research Center at SRI International in Menlo Park, California developed the oN-Line System (NLS). The concept of a multi-panel windowing system was introduced by the first real-time graphic display systems for computers: the SAGE Project and Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad.Īugmentation of Human Intellect (NLS) Some early cathode-ray-tube (CRT) screens used a light pen, rather than a mouse, as the pointing device. 2.1 Windows 95 and 'a computer in every home'Įarly dynamic information devices such as radar displays, where input devices were used for direct control of computer-created data, set the basis for later improvements of graphical interfaces.1.18 Microsoft Windows (16-bit versions).1.17 Applications under MS-DOS with proprietary GUIs.1.16 MS-DOS file managers and utility suites.1.10 GEM (Graphics Environment Manager).1.6 Apple Lisa and Macintosh (and later, the Apple IIgs).1.1 Augmentation of Human Intellect (NLS).

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